- SYSTEM is the whole which has independent but, interacting components that work within an environment to fulfill a purpose.
- All kind of instructions' goal is TO MAKE LEARNING
An instructional system consists of a set of interrelated components that work together effectively and reliably within a particular framework.
COMPONENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS
- OBJECTIVES
- METHODS
- ENVIRONMENT
- MEDIA
- EQUIPMENT
- PEOPLE
DIRECTION: IN ONE WAY DIRECTION; STUDENTS LEARN THEMSELVES, IN TWO WAY DIRECTION STUDENTS LEARN AS A GROUP.
COMPONENTS:OBJECTIVE: Knowledge,skills, and attitudes to be taught. What is going to be or learnt.
METHOD:Examples include discussion,cooperative learning,games simulation,demonstration,drill and practice.
PEOPLE:Examples include teachers,trainers,media specialists,technology coordinators.
MEDIA: Examples include visuals,motion media,manipulative texts and people. These media are presented via materials which include print text book visual recording.
ENVIRONMENT: The learning environment is the setting or physical surroundings in which learning is expected to take place(also known as facilitates or setting)
SYNCHRONIZATION: Synchronous instruction is when learners must be present for the instruction at the same time examples include live such as in a classroom and distance learning.
*Asynchronous instruction allows different learners to experience the same content at different times. Examples include books,computer,course-ware, and video tape.
*Packaged instruction lets students control when and where they choose to learn.
-Group size
-Location
-Costs
-Time
ALL INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS WORK ON THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES TO CREATE INSTRUCTION
-Active participation
-Practice
-Individual attention
-Reinforcement and feedback
-Realistic context
-Cooperative groups
TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS
Cooperative learning
Games
Simulations
Simulation games
Programmed instruction
Programmed tutoring
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