NEUROLINGUISTICS: The study of the relationship between language and the brain.
Example: A huge metal rod gone through Mr.Gage's brain.
A metal rod gone through Mr.Gage's brain. |
LANGUAGE AREAS IN THE BRAIN
Definition: The most important parts are in areas above the left ear.
Example: Several areas in the brain have been identified with linguistic skills, such as producing and understanding speech.
Broca's Area or Anterior Speech Cortex: The area that responsible for language conduction and production of speech.
Wernike's Area or Posterior Speech Cortex: The area that responsible for language processing and understanding the language(comprehension).
Example: Analyse other's sentences.
The Motor Cortex: It is an area that generally controls movement of the muscles.
Example: for moving hands,feet,jaw etc...
The Arcuate Fasciculus: It is a bundle of nerve fibers.
Example: Connection between Wernicke's and Broca's areas.
THE LOCALIZATION VIEW
Definition: It is a specific aspects of language ability can be accorded specific locations in the brain.
TONGUE TIPS and SLIPS
The tip of the Tongue Phenomenon: It is the failure to get to retrieve a word from memory.
Example: Speakers produced transcendental medication instead meditation.
Slip of the Tongue: It is the replacement of one word with another that can up to sth far from what we meant to say.
Example: Black boxes but we say black bloxes or a cup of tea we say tup.
Slips of the Ear: It is an error of misperception in listening mistaking a word or phrase for a similiar - sounding word or phrase for a similiar sounding word or phrase in speech or conversation.
Example: He hears great ape but actually the speaker said gray tape.
APHASIA
Definition: Aphasia is an impairment of language function due to localized brain damage that leads to difficulty in understanding and or producing linguistic forms.
Example: The person who suffer stroke. Those effects can range from mild to severe reduction in the ability to use language.
Broca's Aphasia: It is characterized by a substantially reduced amount of speech distorted articulation and slow.
Example: Elimination of inflections such as -ed
Wernicke's Aphasia: The type of language disorder that results in auditory comprehension.
Example: When asked to repeat the word glass he might say window or sth contiguous wşth glass.
Conduction Aphasia: Damage to the Arcuate fasciculus that cause mispronounce words but typically do not have articulation problems.
Example: Repetition of the words base and wash what the speaker hears and understands can not be transferred very succesfully.
Dichotic Listening
Definition: A behavioral technique for studying brain asymmetry in auditory processing
Example: Through one ear phone comes the syllable ga the word dog and through the other earphone at exactly the same time comes da or cat.
The Critical Period
Definition: A limited time in which an event occur usually to result in some kind of transformation.
Example: Children learn languages most rapidly when young, and that is more difficult when they become adult.
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