NEUROLINGUISTICS

NEUROLINGUISTICS:  The study of the relationship between language and the brain.

Example: A huge metal rod gone through Mr.Gage's brain.

A metal rod gone through Mr.Gage's brain.

                                   

                                LANGUAGE AREAS IN THE BRAIN













Definition: The most important parts are in areas above the left ear.











Example: Several areas in the brain have been identified with linguistic skills, such as producing and understanding speech.

Broca's Area or Anterior Speech Cortex: The area that responsible for language conduction and production of speech.

Wernike's Area or Posterior Speech Cortex: The area that responsible for language processing and understanding the language(comprehension).

Example: Analyse other's sentences.

The Motor Cortex: It is an area that generally controls movement of the muscles.

Example: for moving hands,feet,jaw etc...

The Arcuate Fasciculus: It is a bundle of nerve fibers.

Example: Connection between Wernicke's and Broca's areas.

THE LOCALIZATION VIEW 

Definition: It is a specific aspects of language ability can be accorded specific locations in the brain.

Example: To suggest the brain activity involved in hearing a word, understanding it, would follow a definite pattern.

TONGUE TIPS and SLIPS

The tip of the Tongue Phenomenon: It is the failure to get to retrieve a word from memory.

Example: Speakers produced transcendental medication instead meditation.

Slip of the Tongue: It is the replacement of one word with another that can up to sth far from what we meant to say.

Example: Black boxes  but we say black bloxes or a cup of tea we say tup.

Slips of the Ear: It is an error of misperception in listening mistaking a word or phrase for a similiar - sounding word or phrase for a similiar  sounding word or phrase in speech or conversation.

Example: He hears great ape but actually the speaker said gray tape.

APHASIA

Definition: Aphasia is an impairment of language function due to localized brain damage that leads to difficulty in understanding and or producing linguistic forms.

Example: The person who suffer stroke. Those effects can range from mild to severe reduction in the ability to use language.

Broca's Aphasia: It is characterized by a substantially reduced amount of speech distorted articulation and slow.

Example: Elimination of inflections such as -ed

Wernicke's Aphasia: The type of language disorder that results in auditory comprehension.

Example: When asked to repeat the word glass he might say window or sth contiguous wşth glass.

Conduction Aphasia: Damage to the Arcuate fasciculus that cause mispronounce words but typically do not have articulation problems.

Example: Repetition of the words base and wash what the speaker hears and understands can not be transferred very succesfully.

Dichotic Listening

Definition: A behavioral technique for studying brain asymmetry in auditory processing

Example: Through one ear phone comes the syllable ga the word dog and through the other earphone at exactly the same time comes da or cat.

The Critical Period 

Definition: A limited time in which an event occur usually to result in some kind of transformation.

Example: Children learn languages most rapidly when young, and that is more difficult when they become adult.